Elevated Metabolic Detoxification Associated with Multiple/Cross Resistance to Different Insecticide Classes in Tarnished Plant Bug

Dose response to pyrethroid, organophosphate, and neonicotinoid insecticides were conducted in field populations of the tarnished plant bug. Detoxification enzyme activities and relevant gene regulations were also comparatively examined. Results indicated that many TPB populations, especially collected near cotton fields, have developed multiple/cross resistance to different insecticide classes. The resistance development is potentially mediated by increased esterase and cytochrome P450 gene expressions and metabolic detoxification.