Thursday, January 11, 2007 - 3:30 PM

Relationship Between Flower Visitors and Cotton Hardlock

Breno Leite, Jim Marois, David Wright, Enoch Osekre, and D. J. Mailhot. University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy, FL 32351

Fusarium hardlock, caused by Fusarium verticillioides , is a major problem in the humid regions of the cotton belt. Flowers are believed to be an important site for fungal development and pathway for the ultimate boll infection. Flower thrips have been though to be involved in Fusarium spores dispersal. However, previous data revealed that they carry Fusarium spores in only 5-9% of the cases. The objective of this work was to verify the potential of bumblebees as carriers of Fusarium inocula. Insect samples were obtained from distinct areas where cotton was being cultivated in Quincy, Florida. Selected areas included: a) control (not sprayed with insecticide or fungicide), b) sprayed with the fungicide Topsin, c) sprayed with the insecticide Karate, and d) sprayed with both products. Bumblebees have been also collected from areas away from cotton cultivated plots. Visual observations indicate that these insects visit cotton flowers during the morning and spend an average of 10-15 seconds in between the petals and sexual organs. A quick wash of the insect body with a solution of 0.01 % Tween 20, followed by centrifugation, revealed that they carry Fusarium spores in 70-80 % of the cases, regardless where the insects were collected. Bumblebees from away cotton cultivated areas exhibited more fungal spore diversity. Concerns are raised due to the fact that bumblebees are widespread in Florida, however they are more likely to be used as transporters of biological control agents. We are currently testing TrigoCor, a Bacillus subtitlisbased fungicide, in collaboration with the University of Cornell.

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