The Cotton Quality Research Station (CQRS) of the USDA-ARS, located in Clemson, SC, has completed a comprehensive study of the relationship of cotton fiber properties to the quality of spun yarn. A five year commercial scale spinning study was conducted from 2001 to 2005. The objective of this study was to grow, harvest, gin, and process cotton on modern, high speed processing equipment. Cotton varieties were selected based upon results from annual national cotton variety tests. These fibers were selected to have fiber quality traits that allow them to operate on the latest generation of spinning equipment at maximum speed while producing high quality end products. Cotton was grown and harvested from three of the largest producing growing regions (Georgia, Mississippi, and Texas) and subsequently ginned at their respective locations. CQRS completed extensive measurements of the raw cotton properties (physical and chemical properties). Cotton was spun into yarn at the CQRS laboratory by each of three spinning methods (ring, vortex and rotor spinning) with characteristics of the yarn and spinning measured. Because of the size of the study, it is impractical to discuss all of the analyses and results in a single report. Descriptive statistics and distributions for the fiber and yarn will lay the groundwork for subsequent analysis.