An integrated crop-livestock system was evaluated as an alternative to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) conventional system in the Texas High Plains. Integrated crop-livestock systems can decrease the amount of inputs used including irrigation water and a higher intensity of land use. Furthermore, there is a great amount of agronomic evidence that crop-livestock systems have a lower negative impact on the environment, but to fully asses their feasibility to potentially replace cotton monoculture systems in the Texas High Plains their economic profitability must also be evaluated. Four yield and variable cost scenarios were simulated for the years 1998 to 2004 in two systems established in the Texas High Plains to compare a cotton monoculture system using management practices recommended by the Texas Cooperative Extension Service vs. an integrated crop-livestock system for production of cotton and feedlot ready stocker steers that included WW-B. Dahl [Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.), S.T. Blake] as a perennial forage and rye (Secale cereale L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in alternate yearly rotation with cotton for grazing by steers. Cotton produced under the monoculture system and cotton produced in the integrated system achieved similar results regarding yields and input use. Livestock produced in the integrated system was found to be advantageous because of the possibility to obtain additional revenue without significantly increasing the overall fixed cost of the system.