Moisture is a key quality and processing parameter for cotton fiber. Several new instruments and techniques for the measurement of fiber moisture have been commercialized. A program was initiated on cotton fiber to compare various new laboratory moisture measurement techniques to moisture results obtained with a conventional oven drying method. Domestic and international cotton fiber samples were preconditioned at different relative humidity and temperature so as to obtain different fiber moisture levels. Several new non-destructive testing instruments (laboratory and at-line) were used to measure the cotton fiber moisture for each sample, and their results were compared to each other and to the reference oven method.