Dimitrios Baxevanos, Delta & Pine Land Hellas, 25 Therimioutou, Gianuli Larissa, Greece, Christos Goulas, University of Thessalonica, Plant Breeding Lab, Forestry Department, Irdas 33, Thessalonica, Greece, S. Tzorztios, University of Thessaly/School of Agricultural Sciences/Lab. Of Biometry, Fytokou str., N. Ionia, Volos, Greece, Athanasios Mavromatis, University of Thessaly, Fytokos, Volos, Greece, Eva Brajos, Deltapine Spain, Seville 324, Seville, 404003, Spain, and Jesus Rossi, DeltaPine, Spain, Monte Carmelo, 33, Seville, 41011, Spain.
Abstract Ideally, a plant breeder would conduct the selection and early testing phase of the breeding program, in the location that provides the most information, regarding cultivar separation for each trait. Identification of an “ideal” location on the basis of discriminating ability and representativeness, implies that selections made at that site would have the highest probability of representing truly superior genotypes, that perform well in all locations in the growing region within the same megaenvironment. In this study GGE Biplot Pattern Explorer was used to rank seven Greek cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) trial locations regarding their distance to the “ideal”. Six annual balanced to the number of cultivars and locations datasets, were obtained from cotton cultivar evaluation trials conducted by Delta & Pine Land International Agronomic Services in Greece, over the 2000-2005 period. Testing locations from South to North were: Agia Paraskevi (county Ftiotida - South Greece), Palamas, Korda and Fanari (counties of Karditsa - Central Greece), Farsala (county of Larisa - Central Greece), Loudias (county of Thesaloniki - North Greece) and Skotousa (county of Serres - North Greece). Annual biplots were generated and distances between the “ideal” and the actual locations were measured. Locations with shorter distances were closer to the “ideal” location and were considered more desirable to the traits of interest. Each location's distance was standardized by mean distance of all locations for each biplot and was considered as a replication in order to run statistical comparisons. Factors under comparison were lint yield, lint %, fiber length, strength, uniformity and color grade. Moreover the following agronomic traits were used to characterize environments according to their representativeness: Verticillium infestation as % of plants with vein discoloration, plant height, node number, height to node ratio and early vigour index. For lint yield, on the basis of its close proximity to the “ideal” and the low standard deviation Korda was the most desirable trail location followed by Agia Paraskevi and Skotousa. Korda also was always close to the grand mean of every agronomic trait and as a consequence was representative for verticilium infestation level and plant height management. Finally a composite index derived by weighted each factor as follows: Lint yield (60%), Lint % (10%), Length (10%), Strength (10%), Uniformity (5%), Grade (5%), in order to determine the desirability of test locations on the basis of simultaneous selection for many traits. Because yield's high weight, there wasn't any significant change in the ranking. Korda was the closer location to “ideal” followed by Agia Paraskeuvi and Skotousa. Agia Paraskeuvi was only suitable for lint yield evaluation since its quality ranking was very low. Korda (stated in Central Greece) can be used as the main early testing selection site and the other two ones as subsidiary ones, since Agia Paraskevi stated in South Greece and Skotousa in North Greece for achieving good coverage of the possible population of environments.