Winter cereals are the most common rotation crops used in cotton production systems in Australia. The incidence of Fusarium wilt in cotton seedlings was increased by 40% following crop rotation with either wheat or barley when compared to the incidence of Fusarium wilt after a bare fallow. Field experiments were established to investigate the impact of various wheat residue management strategies on the incidence of Fusarium wilt in the subsequent cotton crop. Either burning or incorporating wheat residues soon after harvest resulted in less disease than that which occurred after retaining the wheat residues on the surface. The results again emphasized the importance of wheat residues on the epidemiology of Fusarium wilt in cotton in Australia.